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vRe; 17,916

c'rRIc coNDENsER Filed Jan. 23, 1925 J. A'. PRocToR A|51- AL ELE; Original Dag-3o; 1930.

IIIIIIIIIII III IIIIIIIIIII v Reissuecl Dec. 30, 1930 UNIT-ED STATES- Re. 17,916l

PATENT OFFICE JOHN A. PROCTOR, OF LEXINGTON, AND .WILLIAM M. BAILEY, OF LYNN, MASSACHU- SETTS, ASSIGNORS TO WIRELESS SPECIALTY APPARATUS COMPANY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK ELECTRIC CONDENSER Original' application iled January 23, 1925, Serial No. 4,150. Divided and app1ication filed September 1s, 1925, serial No. 57,073. med May 1s, 1929. serial No. 363,564.

tion is that of providing a structure which is` an improvement on the special type wherein the stack is contained in a substantially more or less tubular casing which consists Aof insulating material preferably such as noroe- `lain and which is provided with metal ends which serve to clamp thestack under high compression inside the casing, to complete the enclosure of thestack and to serve as electrical terminals at high potential differences which lieat opposite ends of the structure separated from one another by the/in- -snlfating walls of such casing. As shown in the drawings, the tubular casing at at least one and preferably both ends has an integral inwardl \r projecting` shoulder for cooperation with the adjacent metal end.

The invention cons-ists of the various features of construction substantially as described hereinafter and as shown in the drawings, of which Figure l is a central vertical section of a complete condenser unit. and Fig. 2 is a" similar view of a modification.

In this condenser the stack S preferably consists of series-connected sections, which are insulated from one another by. mica sheets projecting' outside of the stack of metal foils. as usual, each section consisting of alternating mica sheets and foil sheets. This construction results in a high potential difference across the end sections of stack S when. as usual, the foils of opposite polarity which project fromv opposite ends of each section are soldered or fused to the like foils of adjacent sections.

Original No. 1,697,477, 'dated January 1, 1929. Application for'reissue In this invention. the casing for stack S consists of a tube I of porcelain, such material beingr that heretofore extensively employed in high potential insulators, but here serving as a casing for stack S. Theopen ends of this porcelain casing are closed by metal end structures.

The bottom end member N (Fig. l) is preferably of malleable iron, and is one of the compression members of the clamping system for stack S, which rests upon it, the

member N constituting a terminal of the condenser. In assembling, the foils of the bottom section of stack 'S are electrically connected to termin al member N, in any desired manner. End N closes and seals the lower end of casing I.

On top of stack S is placed a metal bearing plate BP. Stacks S may be embedded in paraffin wax or submerged in oil.; but owing to the insulation provided by the insulating material comprising casing I, between the metal ends of the stack, the only function of the wax or oil, if used, is to prevent lashover from stack-section to stack-section. Stack S may lie as close as desired to the interior wall of casing I, so that a compact over-all structure is permitted. The exterior wall of casing` I preferably is glazed. The inside wall of caf-ng I is nnglazed to permit intimate contact by Wax or oil `W, to seal against moistuil'e and prevent` leakage path between itermina s.

The bottom opening in casing I preferably is small, but large enough to permit exit of one circuit terminal or lead. The top central opening of casing I preferably is larger. 4The porcelain Wall at the top of casing I and at the upper portion of the sides thereof is of even greater thickness than the thick side walls, in order to provide greater strength at such points where the clamping strains are transmitted tothe porcelain easing as a whole as the tension member of the stack-clamping system. Metal bottom plate N is the lower compression member of the clamping system and is located inside casing I, being inserted therein thru the larger top opening. Member N preferably rests on a lead gasket LG, whieh protects the porcelain or pyrex glass for low current service (at high potential) and, therefore, no special means is shown to provide for heat dissipation, other than the metal end structures and the insulating filler, such as Wax or oil W, When used. In other and higher currentv uses of the invention, however, such special heat-dissipating means may be incorporated as desired by the designer.

The-condenser units hereof are designed particularly for outdoor use in arrangements of plural units, as high potential, l'oW-current condensers for coupling carrier-Wave transmitting apparatus to a high potential transmission line. Theline may carry power currents of the order of tens of kilovolts.

` The potential across each of a plurality of combined condenser units hereof may be over twenty thousand volts. The function of the condensers is to provide a good path for the radio frequency carrier currents but at the same time a poor path for the higherl voltage line current.

In the modification of Fig. 2, the insulating casing I, preferably of porcelain or pyreX glass, is similar to that of Fim 1, save that its i exterior is provided With the corrugations K* and save that all four corners NR are thickened for eXtra strength at such points, Where the clamping strains are transmitted to the casing acting as the tension member of the stack-clamping system. `The metal end struc tures are duplicated at the twoends of casing I, as follows. Two metal plates BP -are located at the ends of stack S, as bearing plates, each with an adjusting screw PS which passes thru a pressure plate P. .Casing I at top and bottom has a tapered portion TC. Metal end members CP have corresponding ly tapered surfaces, the cooperating tapers of metal and insulating parts being separated by lead gasket LG. -Metal sealing covers CP are secured by screws P1 to pressure plates P, the latter being separated by lead gaskets LG from the inner wall of insulating` lc.1.-sing l'. When screws PS are moved toward bearing plates BP, the pressure plates P are moved in the opposite direction niore tightly against the Iend of casing I, thereby putting stack S under compression and making casing I the tension member of the clamping system. Since plates CP here perform no clamping function, as in Fig. 1, they are applied to the assembly after final adjustn'ient of screws PS. as in Fig. l.

In the claims the specification of the casing as consisting of porcelain is intended to include all patentable novelty as to such specific material itself, in addition to other materials of functional equivalency, including pyreX glass, in the several combinations of the claims.

As used in the appended claims the term end members includes either or both members CP and/or P or LG.

We particularly point out and distinctly claim the part,` improvement or combination which We claim as our invention or discovery, as follows 1. The combination with an electrical condenser stack to be enclosed and compressed,'of a porcelain casing surrounding the stack, a clamping terminal located inside the said casing at one end of the stack; and-a device located inside the casing at the other end of the stack and forcing the stack against said clamping terminal and thereby against the casing as a tension member of means cla1nping the stack.

2. The combination with an electrical condenser stack, and a porcelain casing surrounding said stack, of a clamping terminal located inside the casing and between an end of the sta-ck and an end of the casing; another clamping terminal llocated at the other vend of the stack and casing; and clamping mea-ns forcing the stack endstogether and said terminals apart and putting the stack under compression and the porcelain casing under tension.`

3. The combination With an electrical con# denser sJaclr, of a porcelain casing surrounding it, and metal clamping members located inside the casing and compressing the stacky between them therein and arranged to put the porcelain casing under tension as a tension element of the complete clamping means for the stack. l

Ll. The combination with an electrica condenser stack, of a porcelain casingtherefor having end openings; a metal clamping terminal'closing one end of the casing and lreceiving a compression-thrust from one end of the stack; a metal structure at the other end of the casing transmitting compression strains on the stack to the casing as a tension member; and a metal cover secured to said last specified metal structure and closing the ad3acent opening 1n the casing.

The combination with an'electrical condenser stack, of' a porcelain casing therefor having open ends; a metal clamping terminal closing one end of the casing and receiving a compressing thrust from an end of the v stack; a metal structure at the other end of the casing and transmitting stack compression strains to the casing as a tension member; and a metal cover closing said other end of the casing.

6. The combination with an electrical con inwardly project-ing shoulder;A a Ametal platel inside said casingand engaging -the inner. wall ofv said shoulder;anda stack clamping device inside the casing and between the stack and said plate andi'forcing them apart, thereby transmitting stack-clamping strains by way of said plate ztothe casing as avtensioii member.v a v i i 8. The coinbinationwith an electrical condenser stack, of a generally.tubular:insulatF ing casing therefor having at its ends integra-l inwardly vprojecting shoulders; a metal member inside the casing at. one end thereof and receiving compression strains.- from the adjacent .end of the stack and thereby-forced against the interiorof one end shoulder of the casing; and a metallic structure at the other end of the stack andi'casing, through" -which compression strains on the stack :and

other shoulder otthecasing are against the exerted.. y v

9. The combination with an electricalcondenser staclnof a generally tubular insulating casing therefor having at its ends integral inwardly proJecting shoulders; a metal member inside the casing -at one end tliereot1 and receiving compression strains from the ad-v jacent end of the stack and thereby forced against the interior of one end shoulder of the casing; and a metallic structure alsoiii-' side the casing and at the opposite eiid'of the casingandstack,eXei-ting compression strainsv on the stack and, cooperatively with said metal member, exerting tension strains on the interior .of the other end. shoulder of the insulating casing..

10. rlhe combination with a series sectional condenser'stack to be enclosed and highly `compressed', of a casing of structuralV insulat ing materialenclosing such stack and formed at one end with an integral inwardly pro jecting-slioulder defining a small opening; a metal plate lying between an end of lthe stack and the interior wall of said shoulder and receiving a compression thrust on the j other end ot the stack, said plate being tooy large' to be insertiblc thru said small opening,

. and a terminal-lead 'extending from(y said plate 4out thru said opening; said casing having anI opening opposite said lead-opening and of suflicient 'size 'for insertion of said plate; and a metal'stack-clamping structure at the endotthe casing having the larger opening, and arranged to transmit the coin` pression strains of the clamp to ing casing.

l1. The combination with a series-sectional condenser-stack to be enclosed and highly compressed, of a casing enclosing such stack and formed with an integral inwardly-pro` jecting shoulder defining asmall opening; a stack-and-clamping meinbei lying between an end of the stack and the interior wall of said slioulderand closing said small opening; y.

said clamping-member being too llarge to be the insulat- 'a thick-walled porcelain stack-casing;

. vx17,916 i insertiblethru said small opening; and a terminal lead extending. from'out thru said' small` opening-,said casing having an openying' opposite said lead-opening and of suii-` cient size orinsertionof said'clampingmem'- ber and the stack for 'assembly with the casing; 'and -a second' stack-end-clamping i member extending across saidlargeropening and taking the clamping stresses at tlie other lend'of the, stack.l ,l

' 12. The combination with a series-'sectional vcondenser-stack to be enclosed and lhiglilyi e lcompressed, of a casing'of structural insulatf. "ing material .enclosing lsuch stack and foi-ined with two openings opposite one another and opposite the ends of the stack, said insulating `casing having integral inwardly projecting` vwalls defining said respective openings; 'and vmetalstack-clamping'devices,located betweenl the inner faces ofsaid inwardly'projecting integral vwalls respectively and the respective endsof the stack. Y'

potential staclr of condenser sheets subject to"l intimacy of surfacel Contact. by mechanicall compression, a 'porcelain casing therefor; and metal end members constituting elet ments of a clamping systemvfor thestack and secured to saidcasing` the latter constituting the tension clamping members of thesystem,

13. lncombination, a series-sectional*liigli i and said casing having a substantially .thick I gagement with said metal end members.v

14. In combination, ajseries-sectional higli potential condenser sheet-stack, a porcelain ,wall with tapered portions at pointso'f feiicasingtlierefor, and metal end members con-v v stituting elements of a clamping system for the stack, said end members being secured to said porcelain casing; and said casing, as the 'tension member of the stack-clamping system, hav-ing a substantially thick wall enabling it to withstand the clamping strains.

15. I-iicombination, aseries-sectional high` potentiall condenser sheet-stack, a porcelain casing therefor, and metal end members constituting elements of a clamping system ior the stack, andsccuredto said casingconstii tuting it the tension member of' the stackclamping system, the Wall ot said casing vbeing tapered at thev points of engagement with said metal end members thereby strengthen-v ing it at `the points of greatest clampingy strain.. y y v 16. In a high potential condenser, tlievcomj bination with a condenserstack` to be enlclosed and. compressed, vand comprising a' plurality of serially connected sections;- of

.a metal stack-compressing member exerting clamping compression aga-instv an end-'of the stack;v and a metal strain'-transmittingmem ber mechanically yconnected to said compressingmember and forced thereby away from said stack-end into compressing engagement, with said casing, putting the latter under ten- `therefor; a clamping screw exerting compression strain on one end ofthe stacl .i z pressure plate acting between the clamping .screw and casing and transmitting clamping strains to the casing as a tension member: and a cover plate closing the end of the casing. Y

18. In combination, a series-sectional condenser sheet-stack having high potential difference across its ends, a tubular porcelain casing surrounding the sides of said stack and having openings at its ends adjacent the stack-ends; the exterior surface of said casing being glazed and its interior surface being spaced from the sides of the stack and unglazed; and embedment of insulating material which is liquid at moderate temperatures and fills the space between the sides of the stack and the casing and forms a .seal with the unglazed interior wall of the casing; and metal end structures secured to said casing, closing the open ends thereof, and enclosing the embedded stack.

' 19. The combination with an electrical condenser stack, of a porcelain casing therefor having end openings; metal end structures at the ends of said casing; means compressing the stack and forcing the metal end structures, away from one another, putting the casing under tension; and a joint material intervening between the metal end structures and the portions of the casing engaged thereby and directly taking the strains of the clamping system between the metal end structures and the casing.

20. The combination with a series-sectional condenser sheet-stack, of metal end structures constituting circuit terminals of said stack; a porcelain casing for said stack open at its opposite ends, glazed on its exterior'- surface and havingits interior surface unglazed and spaced from the stack; saidmetal end structures closing the ends of the casing, andthe glazed exterior surface of the casing between said end structures constituting a long leakage path between the metal end terminals; and an in'sulant which is liquid at moderatetempe'ratures and lills the space between the stack and the interior wall of the casing; said insulant reducing liability of ashover from section to section of the stack, and engaging the unglazed inner casing wall -to form a seal, reducing liability to leakagey along said wall between the end terminals.

21. In combination, a condenser comprising a' plurality of unit sheet-stacks themselves arranged end to end in a main stack and each unit stack comprising condenser,

sheets, the unit stacks having their faces insulated from one another in the main stack but electrically connected in series whereby the main stack can withstand a high potential diferenceacross its end units; a porcelain casing extending circunifcrentially around the edges of the stack-sheets and extending normal to the plane of the sheets of the main stack from one end unit stack to the other `end unit stack. whereby thc stack-enclosure between end stack units of high potential difference consists of porcelain alone; the casing being formed with an exterior sliirting device and the exterior porcelain surface of the casin g being glazed between the two end units of the stack, thereby increasing the resistance of the discharge path between end stack units of highest potential difference; and metal end members secured rigidly to the porcelain casing at points adjacent the end units of the main stack and therefore reducing the discharge path around the outside of the casing between such units of highest potential difference.

f 22. In a high potential condenser, the combination witha condenser stack to be enclosed and compressed, of a porcelain stack-casing having an open end; a cover plate enclosing said open end; and a metal end-structure located between the said cover plate and the adjacent end of the stack and transmitting, independently vof said cover plate, clamping strains between the end of the stack and the end of the casing.

23. 'The combination with an electrical condenser staclr, of a porcelain casing therefor having an end opening; a metal cover closing said opening; a stack-clamping member inside the casing; and a metal memberto which said cover is secured, said metal member engaging the casing adjacent its opening and constituting an element of a means by'which stack-clamping strains are transmitted to the casing as a tension member.

24. In a high potential condenser, the combination with a condenser stack to be enclosed and compressed, of an insulating casing therefor of suflicient length to provide a tolerance space betwen an end ofthe stack and the corresponding end of the casing; and a clamping screw exerting compression strains on said cnd of the stack and extending through said tolerance space; and a pressure plate receiving the other'end of said screw and transmitting'the clamping strains to the insulating c-asing as the tension member of the stackclamping system.

25. -In a high potential condenser, the combination with a condenser stack to be enclosed and compressed, of an insulating casing therefor of sufficient length to provide a tolerance yspace betwen an end of the stack and the corresponding end of the casing; a bearing plate in said tolerance space and adjacent a stackend; aclamping screw acting against said bearing plate andl exerting compression strains on said stack-end; and a pressure plate receiving the other end of sald screw and transmittingtlie clamping strains to the ing clamping compression on one-end of thev stack; and anietal 'endstrncture engaging -said clamping screw andclos'ing and securedto the end of the casing'.

insulating casing as the tension memberof the stack-clamping system;

26. In aV high potential condenser, the combination with a stack of condenser-sheets to be enclosed and compressed togethenof. a

thick-Walled porcelain casing for the stack;`

a pressure plate; and a stack-clamping member located inside said casing and acting b etween an end ofthe stack v`and vsaid pressure plate; said pressure plate being locatedbeftween said stack-clamping member and a portion of theI casing-wall and transmitting clamping strains from the stack-clamping member to .the casing, the latter constituting tem.. f' l I 27. In a high-potential condenser., the combination with a' condenser stack to b e enclosed and compressed,and-comprislnga plurality of serially-connected sections; of a porcelain casing therefor, ay clampingscrew located inside said casingand exert-A v 28. The combination with` an electrical condenser stack to be 'enclosed andcornpressed, of a porcelain casingsurrounding' the stack; a .clamping terminal located inside the said casing atene', end of the stack; 'anda g device located inside the'c'asing at theother i -end of the stack and forcing 'the stackagainst said clamping terminal and thereby against 29, Theicombination with .an electrical condenserstaclr, anda porcelain' casing sur! rounding said'stack, of afCla-Inping terminal located inside the'casing and between an end of the stack and an end of the casing; another clampingterminal located at the other end ofthe stack and casing; and clamping means tending to force lsaid' terminalsvapart and putting the porcelain casing under tension.

' 30.. The combination i with an electrical condenserstack,` ofa porcelain casing sur- A roundingV it, vand metal' clamping members located inside the casing "and compressing the stack between themtherein and arranged tension.

to-put the porcelain casing lunder clamping 55 I 31. Thel combination` with an velectrical i Vcondenser stack, of a-porcelain vcasing there,

for having therefor havingend openings;

metal'end'structuresat the ends of said' cas- 1ng; .and compressing means for the stack arrangedto force the metal end structures away from one another, putting the casing l nnder tension; the ywall of the porcelain casing being suiciently thick at the portionsy engaged bythe metal end structures, to withl condenser stack, ofa porcelain'casin a `tension member of thefstack-clamping sysstand stack-'clamping strains. on the casing.

` 32. vThe combination with :an electrical condenser stack,- of 'a porcelain casing therefor having end openings; metal end ,strnc-- turcs secured tothe ends of thecasing'; ystackclamping meansforcing'the'inetal end strnctures away from one another and putting the casing under tension tlie'wall of the casingv being sutliciently vthclrat its portions j which are engaged by the metal end Astrnc-A vtures to withstandstackfclamping strains on the casing; and a' joint material intervening between said strnctures and theportions'of the casing engaged thereby; -fsaid'rj'oi'nt matevrial'dire'ct'ly taking the strains 'of the cl'znnpl-pA go' ing means;

for having endl 0pe'n1ngs';'metal en stru'cltures at the ends ofthe casing, a stack-clampiforcing theinetal end structures awa 'from one another and-putting the' casing un er ten-I i sion; and ajoint material locatedjbetwe'en the casing and an lend structure vvand receivyf ing compression strains fro clamp. i'

34. The cmiiiliaifi-wah in @lea-.nali Cea; l

ing themetal end Structures away `from-one denser stack, fof-a porcelain casing tlf'iereforv .i havingend openings ;metal end structures at. the ends of said casing; a stack-clamp'foreanother and putting the casing-under tension l;

andI a joint material located between the casing andan endstructnreand receiving compression strains from thestack-clamp.

35. vThe combination With an electrical con denser stack, -of a porcelain casing therefor `having end-'openings rnetal endstructures at the ends of saidv casing; a stack-clamp forcing the metal end rstructures away from one 'another' and.- puttingathe f casing under tension and ajointin'aterial located between the compression strains from the stack-clamp.

. 36. The combination with an electricalcon- 'l .i denser stack, A.of a porcelain 'casing therefor v having open ends; a metalclamping/terminal /casing'fand an end structure and receivingf closing one end of the casing and receivingv stack; a' metal structure at the otherendiof the casingand transmitting stack compres- -a compressing thrustqfromy anfend of the 115' sion strainsto the casing as aA tension member the casing.

I mbination with an electrical con-I denser stack, offa porcelain casing therefor and a metal cover closing said'otherend of having opposite end openings; a metal clamp! ing terminal closing one end of the casing; a metal cover closing 'the other end of the cas?- '1ng; and a metal member secured to said cover and transmitting v'stack compression y strains to the casinglas a' tension member.

38. The combination Withanelectrical C031. I

denser stack, ofa porcelain casing therefor; a metal clamping terminal closing one end of the casing; a pressure plate at the other end of thestack and casing and transmitting f stack compression strains to the casing as a tension member; and a device between said pressure plate'and the endv 0j the stack adjacent thereto and tending to force the stack and pressure plate away from one anOt-her.

39. The combination Iwith an electrical condenser stack, of a porcelain casing therefor; a metal plate inside said casing and engaging the inner lWall thereof; and a clamping device inside the casing and between the stack and said plate and forcing l them apart,. thereby transmitting stackclamping strains by Way of said plate to the casing as a tension member.

- 40. The combination With an electrical condenser stack, of aninsnlating casing therefor; a metalmemben inside the casing at one end thereof and yreceiving compression strains from the adjacent endof the stack and thereby forced against an interior Wall of the casing; and a metallic structure at the other end of the stack and casing, insulated by said'casing from said metalmemberand exerting compression-strains on the stack and exerting'tension strains on the insulating material of the casing. y 41. In a high potential condenser, the combi'nation with a condenser stack to be enclosed and compressed,` of a thick-Walled porcelain stack-casing; a metal stack-compressing member exerting clamping compression against an end of the stack; and a metal strain-transmitting member mechanically connected to said compressing member and forced therebyfaWay from said stack-end into compressing engagement with said casing, putting the latter under tension strain; and

protecting means between said porcelain casl ing and said metal strain-transmitting membei' at the place of their mutual compressing engagement.' Y

42. The combination with an 'electrical condenser stack, of an insulating casing therefor; a metal member inside the .casing at one end thereof and receiving compression strains from the adjacent end ot the stackV and thereby forced against an interior wall of the casing; and a metallic structure also inside the casing and at the opposite end ofvthe casing and stack, insulated by said casing' from said metalvmember and exerting compression strains on the stack and, cooperatively with said metal member, exertingtension strains on the insulating material of the casing. v

h JOHN A. PRocToR.-

y WILLIAM M. BAILEY. 

